Dunbar and Still. Duke Library. However, as he writes in his sketchbook, his decision to place the tune at the forefront of the piece reflects his fierce defense of blues as a powerful emblem of African American identity: I harbor no delusions as to the triviality of the Blues, the secular folk music of the American Negro, despite their lowly origin and the homely sentiment of their texts. . The Children were: William Bundy Still, Gail Lynde Still, June Allen Still and Caroline Elaine Still. FALSE Question #2 As a young person, William Grant Still was hired to write arrangements for A. Duke Ellington. Hungry for more listening? What was the source of inspiration for William Grants Violin Suite? He met her after moving to L.A. He worked with him from 1919 through 1921. Born on May 11,1895, in Woodville, MS; died on December 3, 1978, in Los Angeles, CA; son of William Grant Still Sr., a math professor, and Carrie Lena Fambro Still; married Grace Bundy, 1915 (divorced 1939); married Verna Arvey, a concert pianist, 1939; four children. Still composed ten operas, including Highway 1, U.S.A. (1962), Troubled Island (1941), and A Bayou Legend (1941). Encyclopedia.com. He attended Wilberforce University and Oberlin College. highly successful, within the next two decades was performed by 38 orchestras in the U.S. and Europe. William Grant Still's career was comprised of many "firsts". William Grant Still's musical background. It was premiered by Howard Hanson and the Rochester Philharmonic. Still was associated in the music industry with W. C. Handy, Harry Pace and his Black Swan Phonograph Company, the Deep River Hour on CBS Radio, and Columbia Pictures. In 1976, the American Society of Composers, Authors and Publishers (ASCAP) honored Still with a scroll for his "extraordinary contributions to the literature of symphonic music, opera, ballet, chamber music, songs and solo works.". He was the first African-American to conduct a major American symphony orchestra, the first to have a symphony (his first symphony) performed by a leading orchestra, the first to have an opera performed by a major opera company, and the . While Still did not intend the Afro-American Symphony to be an explicitly programmatic piece, his notebooks did include alternate titles for each movement (Longing, Sorrow, Humor, and Aspiration). Encyclopedia of African-American Culture and History. Thanks for reading, and stay tuned for more blog posts this month featuring composers, conductors and musicians in celebration of Black History month, including Marian Anderson, Paul Robeson, Andr Watts, Kathleen Battle and more! Contemporary Black Biography. : Darker America (1924; Rochester, N.Y., Nov. 21, 1927); From the Black Belt (1926); From the Journal of a Wanderer (Rochester, N.Y., May 8, 1929); 5 syms. Now Still had the musical tools to fuse all these influences into major classical works. Portland, OR 97214, https://library.duke.edu/rubenstein/scriptorium/sgo/texts/dunbar.html, https://scholarworks.iu.edu/dspace/bitstream/handle/2022/17492/Latshaw%2C%20Charles%20%28DM%20Orch%20Cond%29.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y, https://www.bsomusic.org/stories/listening-guide-william-grant-still/, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Symphony_No._1_%22Afro-American%22. At first the young family struggled in various Ohio cities, but in Columbus Still impressed the great southern blues bandleader and arranger W. C. Handy. Encyclopedia.com. Investigate the discovery of the ship burial at Sutton Hoo in Suffolk, England. Bakers Biographical Dictionary of Musicians, Encyclopedia of African-American Culture and History, Kay, Ulysses 19171995 1, "Afro-American" William Grant Still At-A-Glance Composed: 1930; 1969 Orchestration: flutes (3 = piccolo), 2 oboes, English horn, 2 clarinets, bass clarinet, 2 bassoons, 4 horns, 3 trumpets, 3 trombones, tuba, timpani, percussion (bells, bass drum, snare drum, cymbals, gong, triangle, vibraphone), harp, celesta, banjo, & strings At which school did Charles Ives study music? This versatile composer also wrote ballets, chamber music, many solo songs and spirituals, and choral works. After graduation, he pursued a medical degree at Wilberforce University. D. radio and musical theater. Encyclopedia of World Biography. He worked as an arranger of popular music. People also ask, Where did William Grant Still study music? The work remains Stills best known; it featured a mosaic of African-American motifs that included not only spirituals but also blues, jazz, and call-and-response elements. How does A Black Pierrots emotional climax happen? In 1987 National Review critic Ralph de Toledano wrote that in his great outpouring of musicsome two hundred compositions in every categoryStill expressed the sweep and melody of this country, the pounding heart of jazz, the surging human protest of the blues, and the attenuated sensibility of popular song. By the end of the twentieth century, new recordings and performances of Stills compositions were bringing his music to light once again. His mother, Carrie Lena Fambro, and his father, William Grant Still Sr, were both teachers. Stills combination of blues and spiritual-influenced music fittingly reflects movements subtitle of Longing while sharing a core aspect of the African American experience with his audience. Where and when was William Grant Still born? In 1939 he remarried; his second wife, Verna Arvey (who later wrote a biography of Still), was a Jewish concert pianist, and he wrote the piano collection Seven Traceries and other piano music as a result. S.: The Man and His Music (diss., Mich. State Univ., 1964); R. Haas, ed., W.G. What role does William Grants music play in the Harlem Renaissance movements ideals? Also worthy of note were Stills efforts in the sphere of popular music; his compositions and arrangements spanned the range of genres that formed the basis for the modern black popular music industry. He did do other jobs besides arranging music. . In addition to the MLA, Chicago, and APA styles, your school, university, publication, or institution may have its own requirements for citations. William Grant Still's Seven Traceries (1940) is a set of piano pieces that exhibits a number of post-tonal materials and techniques such as octatonicism, extended tertian sonorities, dense chromaticism, and extensive motivic development. However, the date of retrieval is often important. By portraying African-American roots in his music, William Grant Still represents the merging of Harlem Renaissance ideas into art music. Musicians like Duke Ellington and Louis Armstrong have influenced people all around the United States. ." All of these factors give a nod to the seminal influence of jazz as the style that became most associated with America between the two World Wars. A reawakening of interest in his music was signaled by a Public Broadcasting Service telecast of his opera Bayou Legend in 1981 (another first for a black composer). In addition, he studied with the avant-garde composer Edgard Varse, who proved to be an important mentor. Arvey, Verna. What term is used to describe the absence of key or tonality in a musical composition? He wrote jazz arrangements for blues masters and bandleaders such as Artie Shaw, Paul Whiteman and W.C. Over his career, Still wrote over 150 compositions, including operas, ballets, symphonies, chamber works, choral pieces, and solo vocal works. His daughter Judith still oversees his company and helps with the collection. Classical Music Over the years he developed an eloquent musical expressiveness in his works. His private studies in composition were with George Whitefield Chadwick in Boston and Edgard Varse in New York. Retrieved February 23, 2023 from Encyclopedia.com: https://www.encyclopedia.com/history/encyclopedias-almanacs-transcripts-and-maps/still-william-grant. 1 "Afro-American" (1930). View Public Record Results &check; Transportation and Material Moving Occupations. Many of his compositions were inspired by the black experience in America. This article was most recently revised and updated by, https://www.britannica.com/biography/William-Grant-Still, BlackPast - Biography of William Grant Still, AllMusic - Biography of William Grant Still, William Grant Still - Student Encyclopedia (Ages 11 and up). (February 23, 2023). For the music itself, the opening movement begins with an introductory melody by the English horn, followed by the first theme played by a muted trumpet, a blues melody adapted from W.C. Handys Saint Louis Blues. 2 in G Minor (1937), Festive Overture (1944), Plain-Chant for America (1941, revised 1968), From the Black Belt (1926), And They Lynched Him on a Tree (1940), and Darker America (1924). C. played the violin in the university stringquartet while a college student. then wrote compositions with a uniquely african american flavor. He was born in Octo, New York, New York, United States. Why is a black Pierrot considered through composed? He taught himself to play clarinet, saxophone, oboe, double bass, cello, and viola. William Grant Still was born in Woodville, Mississippi on May 11th, _____ teachers. The Afro-American Symphony is a compelling reflection of Stills diverse range of experiences as a composer and musician. Still was born in 1895 in Woodville, Mississippi, was raised in Little Rock, and came to maturity during the early years of the Harlem Renaissance. "Still, William Grant [1]:7, Upon receiving a small amount of money left to him by his father, he began studying at the Oberlin Conservatory of Music. In his journal, he still termed this movement Longing., Although his ability as a player and arranger led to numerous chances outside of the concert hall, he was motivated to become a writer of concert music and opera by Samuel Coleridge-career. "Still, William Grant Encyclopedia of World Biography. Symphony No. He was the son of two _____ 14. Part of which included five symphonies and eight operas. However, African-Americans have deeply influenced the orchestral traditionin the United States and beyond. WilliamGrant Still A. had little formal training in music. 1 "Afro-American", was performed in 1931 by the Rochester Philharmonic, conducted by Howard Hanson. In his early years he took violin lessons and was exposed to a wide variety of music, ranging from spirituals and hymns to opera. . Stills concern with the position of African Americans in U.S. society is reflected in many of his works, notably the Afro-American Symphony; the ballets Sahdji (1930), set in Africa and composed after extensive study of African music, and Lenox Avenue (1937); and the operas The Troubled Island (1938; produced 1949), with a libretto by Langston Hughes, and Highway No. [4] Because of his close association and collaboration with prominent African-American literary and cultural figures, Still is considered to have been part of the Harlem Renaissance. Still received many commissions, awards, prizes, and honorary degrees, as well as Guggenheim and Rosenwald Fellowships. Nor did Still abandon popular forms; he wrote the score for the Bing Crosby film Pennies from Heaven after moving to California in 1935. Since the 1920s, the blues has helped shape jazz, country music, androcknroll, and many other popular musical genres. With its dark timbres, the second is a clear expression of sadness. In his music he occasionally made use of actual Negro folk songs, but mostly he invented his thematic materials. The Concise Oxford Dictionary of Music. Born in Woodville, Mississippi, he grew up in Little Rock, Arkansas, and started studying violin there. Even today, black composers remain on the outskirts of the classical music establishment. 3, 1945; Oberlin, Ohio, Nov. 9, 1970); Africa (1930); A Deserted Plantation (1933); Kaintuck (Kentucky) for Piano and Orch. Wyatt, Lucius "Still, William Grant Then William Grant Still Jr. grew up. What were some of the significant contributions and achievements of composer William Grant Still? For instance, the narrator states, I took six feeds a day and kept most of them down by the time the Vindictive was sunk in Ostend harbour, on which day I kicked with special vigour in my bath (para. The next two movements capture distinct moods with melodic material borrowed from the first movement and transformed in new contexts. Nicolas Slonimsky/Laura Kuhn/Dennis McIntire. [7] It was the first time the complete score of a work by an African American was performed by a major orchestra. ." Who was buried there, and when was he most likely buried? He taught himself to play the clarinet, saxophone, oboe, double bass, cello and viola, and showed a great interest in music. Where did William Grant Still study music? In 1977, Opera Ebony revived Still's two-act opera Highway 1 USA in New York. Either way, the melody is a joy to listen to, and in addition to the more fanfare-like second theme the movement echoes the themes of African American emancipation and empowerment in the Dunbar poem attached to the movement. He made considerable use of material in the African American stylethough rarely borrowing actual melodiesand preferred simple, commercial harmonies and orchestration, the use of which, however, was characterized by the highest professionalism and seriousness of purpose. [1]:2[7] They had a daughter, Judith Anne, and a son, Duncan. What films did William Grant Still compose music for? It was also the first symphony to use the banjo as part of the orchestra. Our editors will review what youve submitted and determine whether to revise the article. Other musical pieces he wrote were Sahadji and Lenox Avenue. Of note, his musical collaboration with Paul Whiteman had him complete 100 arrangements in one year. (February 23, 2023). The themes return in reverse order after moving through a colorful development section. As the first movement continues to develop the jazzy melodies from the first theme, however, it transitions to a second theme with a melancholy mood, with pentatonic contours suggestive of an African American spiritual. Still is known primarily for his first symphony, Afro-American Symphony (1930),[5] which was, until 1950, the most widely performed symphony composed by an American. Listening Guide: William Grant Still. Baltimore Symphony Orchestra. He was valedictorian. [16], Still's first major orchestral composition, Symphony No. 151515). Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like 1895, teachers, 14 and more. : Symphonies Nos. D. held a graduate degree from Oberlin CollegeConservatory of Music. Southern, Eileen, and William Grant Still. In 1934, Still moved to Los Angeles, where he composed music for films alongside his classical works, helping shape a style that other composers and arrangers used for scoring films and popular music. Reference: william grant still interesting facts. Latshaw, Charles William. A good survey of Still's career through 1971 was found in Eileen Southern's, Music of Black Americans (1971). The 1930s were very productive years for William Grant Still Jr.,'s career and also caused a change in his personal life. Which does not describe early twentieth century nationalist composers? LifeStance Health. Handy, but also received formal instruction from composers including George Chadwick of the first New England school, and the French modernist composer Edgard Varse. 1 Afro-Wikipedia.com. //]]>. 20098 Ashbrook Pl #240, Ashburn, VA 20147 As the composer noted, "I knew I wanted to write a symphony; I knew that it had to be an American work; and I wanted to demonstrate how the blues, so often considered a lowly expression, could be elevated to the highest musical level." OTHER : Band pieces; arrangements of spirituals. His second marriage was to Verna Arvey. S.: A Bio-Bibliography (Westport, Conn., 1996); J. Why you need ballad jazz music in your life The history of ballad jazz, Read More Ballad Jazz Music: What It Is and Why You Need ItContinue. Fayetteville: University of Arkansas Press, 1984. Composer, educator, administrator 23 Feb. 2023 . . Some features will not work correctly. (1954). Without contemporary recording tools, they were unable to preserve traditional music. During the 1920s Still began to compose serious concert works. The Afro-American Symphony fits within the standard framework of a European four-movement symphony but incorporates African American musical idioms throughout the piece. William Grant Still William Grant Still (May 11, 1895 - December 3, 1978) was an African-American classical composer who wrote more than 150 compositions. Manheim, James "Still, William Grant 18951978 He made band arrangements and played in the orchestras. On this Wikipedia the language links are at the top of the page across from the article title. Encyclopedia.com. After serving in the Navy during World War I, Still went to New York City to work in W. C. Handy's music publishing company. Age of 16 enrolled at wilberforce university as a premedical student, but still played violin in the string quartet, and abandoned medicine for music. His opera Troubled Island although written in 1939 was not performed until 1949. 23 Feb. 2023 . Supported by a Guggenheim Fellowship and other prestigious awards, Still was able to spend more and more time composing. He conducted the university band. [16] Many of his works are believed to be lost. In Memoriam: The Colored Soldiers Who Died for. ." Darrell Grant Ashburn, age 50. Handy in Memphis in 1916, he decided that the Blues were not immoral or trivial, as some people wanted to believe, but instead an expression of the hopes and yearnings of a lowly people, wanting a better life. Musicologist Jon Michael Spencer has argued that Stills symphonic treatment of the blues allowed him to demonstrate the inherent dignity of black folk music as an act of racial vindication, not to critique it as inferior. He was born in Woodville, Mississippi, and died in Los Angeles, California, in December. The second movement, Adagio (Sorrow,) continues with themes that relate to the first movement but carrying on in the spiritual style. Bringing together a lifetime of musical experiences, it has earned a place in the canon of the Western classical music tradition not in spite of, but because of its daring and creative integration of African American and European idioms. He participated actively in the musical world, playing jazz and directing the Black Swan Phonograph Company. One of the few African Americans to have enjoyed a successful career in the rather closed-in world of acade, 22 [1]:15 He was the son of two teachers, Carrie Lena (ne Fambro) Shepperson (18721927)[7][8] and William Grant Still Sr.[1]:5 (18711895). Most online reference entries and articles do not have page numbers. Education: Attended Wilber-force College, Wilberforce, OH, 1911-15; attended Oberlin College, Wilberforce, OH; studied with composers George Chadwick and Edgard Varse, 1920s. ." William Grant Still & the Harlem Renaissance | LA Phil in preparation for a medical career, but became active in musical activities on campus; after dropping out of college, he worked with various groups, including that of W.C. 2 in G minor, Song of a New Race (Philadelphia, Dec. 19, 1937), No. Still wrote mostly instructional music and music for children in the later stages of his career, expressing the hope that he might thereby foster intercultural understanding. William Grant Still was born on 11 May in 1895. Because each style has its own formatting nuances that evolve over time and not all information is available for every reference entry or article, Encyclopedia.com cannot guarantee each citation it generates. Sadie, Stanley, ed., The New Grove Dictionary of Music and Musicians, 2nd ed., Macmillan, 2001. Still's musical style is perhaps best described as nationalist, successfully blending indigenous American musical elements, African-American folk materials, and the blues idiom into a range of musical genres: symphonic and operatic compositions, chamber music, and art songs. In 1999 he was inducted into the Mississippi Musicians Hall of Fame. Is William Grant Still related to William Still? How does the music of William Grant Still fit the ideals of the Harlem Renaissance as expressed in the Suite for violin? In 1919 he was drawn to New York by a steady job as a staff arranger for Handys Pace and Handy publishing firm. 20925 Professional Plaza, Suite 230. Cite this article Pick a style below, and copy the text for your bibliography. Through their unique set of backgrounds, experiences, and values, composers create works that expose their audiences to humanitys rich variety of perspectives and cultural traditions. Education. . CincinnatiPhilharmonia Jindong Cai, conductor. [14], Still composed almost 200 works, including nine operas,[34]:200 five symphonies,[34]:200 four ballets,[35] plus art songs, chamber music, and works for solo instruments. The musical background of William Grant Still. https://www.encyclopedia.com/arts/dictionaries-thesauruses-pictures-and-press-releases/still-william-grant, MICHAEL KENNEDY and JOYCE BOURNE "Still, William Grant Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like 1895, teachers, 14 and more. The numerous escaped slaves who traveled through the Philadelphia station were nevertheless meticulously recorded. Still pursued other projects in the meantime but took up the symphony in earnest several years later. [7], In 1934, Still moved to Los Angeles. They were married on Feb. 6, 1939. He mastered several orchestral and band instruments, conducted the schools band, organized a concert of his own compositions, and formed a string quartet featuring himself as cellist. Howard Hanson and the Rochester Philharmonic gave it its world premiere. 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