All the essentials: top fashion stories, editors picks, and celebrity style. Facebook gives people the power to share and makes the world more open and connected. But at the end of the program, she still cant read. As I was filming that first interview, I remember the hairs on my arms sticking on ends, thinking theres something really extraordinary about this woman and everything thats happening. Can You Rebuild My Brain? So it was sad. That required a period of mourning for my old life, and then a period of acceptance. Hopefully the new TV show will offer something a bit less action-orientated and a bit more cerebral, The Bourne series completely went off the boil with Jeremy Renner as its lead, but now both Matt Damon and original director Paul Greengrass are back to steady the ship. When a sudden illness robbed Mrs Tan of her communication abilities, find out how she and her husband sourced for creative ways to recover while continue to enjoy the sweet moments of married life together. When we first see Sodderland in the riveting new Netflix documentary My Beautiful Broken Brain (premiering Friday after a run at SXSW), shes recording herself on her iPhone in the hospital shortly after regaining consciousness. : Directed by Stephen Finnigan. She woke up in her east London flat with a blinding headache and in a state of frightening confusion. In 2011, Lotje Sodderland was a 34-year-old Londoner living a life familiar to many: She worked a demanding 24/7 job at an advertising agency, traveled the world, and spent time with her wide circle of friends. I had met friends at the pub, headed home around 10pm, watched the news on my laptop and gone to bed. Mr Tan shared: 25 January 2019 is a day that I try not to remember. I was almost back to square one. When he dropped me off at the station I said: Ithink were going to fall in love, and he said: Ithink so, too.. Sophie, when Lotje got in touch, what did you think?SOPHIE ROBINSON: I was in the middle of an edit of another film. This was always a possibility due to her stroke, it turns out, with or without the experimental therapy, althoughthe TMS may have contributed. She drew her brother a picture of a TV and a horizon because she remembered that Robinson had made a documentary for the BBC series and after "a few hours" he figured it out. films; about; bla-bla; The Infinit Magic of Having Less. When youre in hospital and youre being constantly assessed and measured by how youre limited, what you can no longer do, who you no longer are, its very painful. The turning point came when she began to discover what she calls her core identity: a deep-rooted sense of self that persists even when all external markerscareer, romance, friendshipsare under siege. My brother describes the old me as extremely dynamic, extremely social, very impassioned. It seemed entirely impossible that I would be able to love someone else and even more improbable that someone would love the damaged new me. If it feels weird and uncomfortable, well hold off a bit or maybe we just wont do it.. I dont use words in the same way that I did before. Do you remember Lotje? I think it was the day after Lotje came out of hospital that we met. Karen with her husband, Andrew Adams. Self Employed. From picking their next holiday to setting up their marital home, a stroke diagnosis was the last thing that the couple in their early forties had in mind. (2018). To look at me, you wouldnt have noticed a thing. And it still is. "We started filming that day and she was still very confused and there was a big part of me that was wary because I knew she was very vulnerable and had to concentrate on recovery. I was put on a waiting list and while I waited, received what the NHS calls therapy at home. My friends who lived overseas, especially Lucy and Anita, who lives in Holland, visited regularly. The surgeon called it a bleed; some doctors call it a haemorrhagic stroke. When I woke up, I knew who he and my mother were but I couldnt be sure the familiar stranger inhabiting my body was me. I was so sad to be slow and stupid again. My life is now split into two: before the stroke, and after. This is a touchingpersonal story of learning to live with a new self, makinga newlife plan, and the enormous strength and optimism that it takes to achieve this feat. Its about having to rethink your life halfway through, and that can happen to any of us. He genuinely seemed really interested in my experience. And then we stayed in touch. My brother and I have always been close and, after we left home, we lived very near each other. In mid-January, I was admitted to the rehabilitation unit at Homerton hospital for a three-month period. First, the research assistant would measure my skull to make sure it wasnt growing or shrinking (it wasnt). I had faltered, and the words were gone Then Iblacked out, consumed by a four-hour convulsive seizure. I would lieon my bed stiff with anxiety, looking at the ceiling, wishing that sleep would just take me away and return me in the morning. I spent three months as an inpatient at a rehabilitation centre, receiving physical, psychological and linguistic therapy. Sodderland still struggles to read and write and has had to accept the differences in her new life. I woke to hear a voice debating the benefits andpitfalls of dipping a ginger nut biscuit in tea,and knew I must be in hospital again. The valuable support provided by her family and friends during this journey of recovery was featured prominently in this documentary. I remember at one stage wanting to die because the pain was so intense. I realised I didnt know the names of any of my body parts, and started to cry. Thoughts occurred to me. Q: How did your family and friends cope with your illness, especially for your main caregivers? I began to use Siri on my iPhone, to listen to what I was writing, and it felt great. This might well be Jason Bourne's last outing, so I hope they send him off in style, Harley Quinn was one of the most popular Halloween costumes this year, despite the holiday falling months before the release of the film she's in. Through extensive in-patient and out-patient rehabilitation that included occupational therapy, speech therapy, visits with both a psychologist and psychiatrist, she makes a profound recovery, despite the post-seizure regression she experienced following the experimental transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) treatments. When the stroke happened, I forgot his name. At the same time, having tamed my hyper-sensitive receptors through daily meditation, wouldnt it be just like the old me to risk it all in the name of adventure? Watch trailers & learn more. Whitney Houston had recently died, so Ichose to tell the story of the time my friend Flora lived out a teen fantasy to go to Star Trax atthe Trocadero in Piccadilly Circus, to record avery warbled IWill Always Love You. In just a few hours, Mr Tan took on the responsibility of a caregiver giving permission for his wifes brain operation to proceed and watching over her as she went into an induced coma for almost 10 days. Objects would appear, shift and disappear Icouldnt help but wonder if the world was playing an almighty trick on me. Currently working with Film4, Lotje is in development on her first feature. Almost as an excuse, Lotje explains: I was a prettynormal, busy, kind of a clever person. But I said nothing, swimming through torrents of wordless creosote, fearing my speech would be unintelligible. Lotje reveals her tips on adjusting to acquired communication disorder aphasia and finding a new way of life in her present reality. Used to solving problems and travelling the world, she suddenly couldnt understand how to get out of her flat to ask for help. A bullet hits his right frontal lobe, and another hits the left subclavian vein in his chest. I encourage patients to find creative or unique outlets to express themselves and understand their emotions in non-traditional ways other than writing and reading. I started to have dark, repetitive thoughts like I was not getting better, not able to get a job or be independent.The classes were also useful for calming the mind as after a brain injury, it is so hard to switch off the negative thoughts to rest or sleep. I was filled with faith that this was going to work, and was prepared to overlook the gruelling downsides, including the discomfort of the daily currents andthe punishing, repetitive boredom. It was a big moment of acceptance. We see her brightenwhen she triumphantly comes up withthe word nephew pointing to a picture of her youngniece. Elf and Iron Man director Jon Favreau is a fairly safe pair of hands though, and Idris Elba, Ben Kingsley, Scarlett Johansson, Lupita Nyong'o, Christopher Walken, Giancarlo Esposito and Bill Murray are all on board, 'Financial TV personality Lee Gates, who offers up stock advice on his hit show "Money Monster," is held hostage by a viewer, Kyle Budwell, who lost all of his money following a bad tip from Lee during his show'. Its very different. My vision was overcome with lurid green and purple grids. Her brother is also joyful: She is alive! Use of this site constitutes acceptance of our User Agreement and Privacy Policy and Cookie Statement and Your California Privacy Rights. The extraordinary documentary takes you on a journey inside Sodderland's mind, using special effects to recreate the distorted vision she experienced as a side-effect of the stroke and the pulsating colours and strange visuals that became her new normal. Since the stroke, I've had to really transform my lifestyle and accept that things are going tobe very different. Contact My real life began 37 years ago when a puritanical Dutch model with a mission to cut a record called Je Cherche Un Homme met the hedonistic music producer responsible for bringing modern civilisation the pop genre known as y-y, and they fell in love. There was a man wheeling me around and I spoke to him - but it didn't seem like he could hear what I was saying. My friends and family thought I was going to die and they got quite scared and stressed, especially since we were unfamiliar with neuroscience or the brain. 34 year old Lotje Sodderland's personal voyage into the complexity, fragility and wonder of her own brain following a life changing hemorrhagic stroke. Ive also had to majorly downsize my friendship circle, because of some residual communication malfunctions. Published: May 29, 2020 Newlyweds take on challenges of aphasia hand in hand, heart to heart When a sudden illness robbed Mrs Tan of her communication abilities, find out how she and her husband sourced for creative ways to recover while continue to enjoy the sweet moments of married life together. It later turned out that my stroke had been caused by a rare developmental malformation of blood vessels in my brain: something like this could have happened at any time. They looked at me with sad eyes; I wished I could say something to assuage their sadness. Lotje: When an illness like that hits suddenly, it is very difficult for a person to adjust to the new condition as you lose all the elements of who you are job, independence, and even your ability to communicate. Lotje, theres a turning point in the film, when you decide to stop seeing yourself as limited and instead start focusing on the possibilities. My date of birth? Imanaged to call him and he found mefive minutes later, crouching on the floor outside myflat. The research study investigates whether this non-invasive brain stimulation can speed up language recovery after stroke. Haveyou seen The Exorcist? he said. Midway through the night, she wakes up with an excruciating headache that is so strong thatshe thinks she is going to die. Starring Christian Bale, Cate Blanchett and Natalie Portman, it sees a man return home from New York and get sucked into the hollow hedonism of LA, fighting to extricate himself from it, Based on journalist Kim Barkers 2011 memoir The Taliban Shuffle: Strange Days in Afghanistan and Pakistan, this dark comedy sees Tina Fey play a foreign correspondent reporting in the Middle East during Operation Enduring Freedom, where she develops a weird relationship with a fellow journalist played by Martin Freeman, The wind seems to have gone out of the sails of the Man of Steel series in spite of the addition of a new Batman, and there's a more palpable anticipation for Suicide Squad (which arrives later in the year), Coming off the back of multi-Oscar winner Boyhood, this Richard Linklater film looks a lot like Dazed and Confused if it was set in the 80s, albeit pitched more towards comedy, Disney is trampling on its own hallowed ground with this live action remake. By the end of my first week out of hospital, I was able to speak, but without much coherence. The fog was lifting. I remember the cognitive psychologist drawing a diagram to indicate where on the scale my old intellect had been, and where it was now. We have noticed that there is an issue with your subscription billing details. Itried the radio, but the sounds were overwhelming. But I felt like I was in the world he created in his films. Upon returning home, Mrs Tan, who was once fluent in English, Mandarin, and Teochew, would practise speech and language exercises up to eight hours a day with her husband to regain her communication capabilities. I have to use a tablet to write messages for my husband. When we came for the activities, my wife had to wheel me in, and people thought I was the patient.. A trailer for My Beautiful Broken Brain, Lotjes documentary about her recovery, made with director Sophie Robinson. As part of her recovery she designed a motivational psychological programme and she has now developed the app "Recovery After a Brain Injury" to help people faced with similar challenges. I was found unconscious on the toilet floor at 1pm that afternoon. This year, I told my husband that I have a new goal I want to be able to argue with him. I was suddenly in a different world to the one I had inhabited before. [1][2], David Lynch became an executive producer of the film. Sodderland describes the process of making My Beautiful Broken Brain as essential to her recovery. Before the stroke, I was a documentary producer in London, living in what I now realise was a very high-level cognition world. I woke to the sound of nurses by my bed, discussing their Christmas plans. I was fascinated and enthralled and terrified by [that new world]. The world is much more visual and much less cognitive. Lotje: Im really fortunate to be born with an optimistic personality, and that really helped me as I kept thinking that everything was going to be OK and that the illness is actually not terrible. Every cast member you would expect will be back to collect their paychecks, which might require a crane, The Finding Nemo sequel will focus on Ellen DeGeneres' forgetful blue tang fish. Davids always been a massive supporter of the film. When did you decide to send him a message?LS: Toward the end of the first year, Sophie was encouraging me to try. We spent many frustrating afternoons trying. The surgeon who had removed the blood clot and parts of my brain told me that I had almost total right homonymous hemianopsia avisual field loss (I have no peripheral vision on my right-hand side) and severe aphasia, a communication disorder affecting comprehension and expression. Sophie Robinson Lotje Sodderland Mere som dette Kommer snart Tonight You're Sleeping with Me Stuck in a passionless marriage, a journalist must choose between her distant but loving husband and a younger ex-boyfriend who has reentered her life. 'My Beautiful Broken Brain' is released on Netflix tomorrow. But Lotje, as you can hear on the phone and see in the film, is massively articulate and knows exactly what she wants. At some point I was able to communicate with my brother that I really needed to get in touch with this woman. How did you adjust to life after experiencing a haemorrhagic stroke and aphasia? He invited us to this strange, magical event in London a few days later, where they were going to beam him in. But after a few months, the intense regime soon got taxing on the couple. Videos A formidable Baltic nurse ripped the metal staples from my blood-caked scar. Focus on who your true friends are. [laughs]. Doing simple daily activities such as accessing your bank account or doing anything bank-related after a brain injury can be so complicated. Someone told me that the quietest place in London was the Bethnal Green Buddhist Centre. The challenge is to rebuild your identity, Sodderland told me when I spoke with her and Robinson by phone from Austin, Texas, earlier this week. Looking back it was actuallyvery liberating -to have no ego, no past or future, no understanding of a lost, logical life. As Tom chops the kindling while I write this, I feel so very fortunate to be here in the sumptuous stillness, with the singing of tawny owls in the evening. I worked at an advertising agency that was doing some documentary content, and Sophie was a well-established documentary director who had done several science-based programs and series for the BBC. The world sounded loud: a passing ambulance; human laughter; a howling fox; birdsong everything passed through me at the same piercing pitch. With the help of my Occupational Therapist, I could go to the bank, take out money and manage my bills which gave me a sense of accomplishment. Do you remember this meeting? Whats not to like? But there is real value in my new life: its much more meaningful and focused, and that includes my relationships. . Two months after the stroke, my brother took me to a nearby hospital to be assessed for eligibility. At age 34, film director Lotje Sodderland was struck by an intracerebral haemorrhagic stroke after a night out with her friends. Girl, interrupted: A scene from Lotje Sodderlands My Beautiful Broken Brain, The Coen brothers' latest film might be their most ambitious yet. Q: What kind of negative feelings arose during your recovery, and how did you manage or overcome them? Mr Tan quit his job and poured his heart into finding the best care for his partner by doing his own research and seeking the advice of family and healthcare professionals. It was very painful for my ears. David Festenstein, who has written a blog about his recovery from a stroke, has suggested that the video and audio recording capabilities on our smartphones can play a vital role in stroke recovery. But no more than the average Lynch fan. He basically said how excited he was by my brain. Filmmaker Lotje Sodderland documents her recovery process from the hemorrhagic stroke she had at 34 and the new life she builds in the aftermath. A fluorescent green laptop screen would flash single words at me and simultaneously play them into my ears; I would repeat them back. But underneath the hoodie is a blood-caked scar from brain surgery. People taking over my plans, my life. She was suffering a massive brain haemorrhage due to a rare developmental malformation of the blood vessels in her brain. Butbeforethe end of the therapy, Lotje experiences generalized seizure and is taken to the hospital. So I better not have faith in anything. We see Lotje applying herself to the task with determination, over many hours, many days, and it seems that she is reading the words more effortlessly. She did the tea and toast test on me, and this time Ipassed. JOIN NOW Executive producer David Lynch played a pivotal role in Lotje Sodderland's recovery, as explained in this documentary. My brain no longer had the ability to switch off. But sarcasm is a complex linguistic process, so I have lost it to some extent. And I had fond memories as well. I felt elated to have been able to share it, and at making the therapist laugh. Filmmaker Lotje Sodderland documents her recovery process from the hemorrhagic stroke she had at 34 and the new life she builds in the aftermath. You evolved in what is a very unusual way. It helped me to communicate - sending messages to friends and remembering what questions I wanted to ask the doctors. And its beautiful. Its such a testament to the power of these phones.LS: Definitely. Lotje has Aphasia and we see her tryingto re-learn how to use words. Here, she speaks to Telegraph Women about the day she became a different person. Founded in 2018 by volunteer speech therapists, Aphasia SG aims to create a community where patients with aphasia can bond and speak comfortably at their flagship programme, Chit Chat Cafe. I looked around and saw patients in various states of disablement: some were comatose, some were talking to themselves; one, a GuillainBarr syndrome survivor, lay in bed reading. Lotje Sodderland's long journey to a happy life with what she calls her "new brain" began early on a November morning in 2011. Tom Hanks is your guy. And while I still work in film, it's in the visual side of things as aself-shooting director. When you were filming yourself on your phone, did you think of that footage as something you might eventually make use of?LS: No. Liam Neeson and Andrew Garfield star, playing two Jesuit Portuguese Catholic priests who face violent persecution when they travel to Japan to seek out their mentor and spread the teachings of Christianity, David Lynchbecame an executive producer on the film, Sodderland is lucky to be alive, having suffered a massive stroke which left her unable to speak, read, write and perform even simple tasks, Please refresh the page or navigate to another page on the site to be automatically logged in, Please refresh your browser to be logged in, My Beautiful Broken Brain: The woman who 'video-selfied' her stroke, 5% off all bookings with this Travelodge discount code, Save 200 on 2023 holidays with this TUI discount code, Extra 15% off Balearic Islands reservation with Barcelo promo code, Family memberships from just 83.40 a year at National Trust, Up to 15% off stays in trending hotels with Hotels.com, Compare broadband packages side by side to find the best deal for you, Compare cheap broadband deals from providers with fastest speed in your area, All you need to know about fibre broadband, Best Apple iPhone Deals in the UK February 2023, Compare iPhone contract deals and get the best offer this February, Compare the best mobile phone deals from the top networks and brands. Five years ago, one of those peoplewas Lotje Sodderland, who woke up to what she describes as a 'new planet', following an unprovoked bleed of the brain at the age of just34. Wellcome Trust. Please, Lotje Sodderland thought her brain damage meant the end of her love life. Sodderland lotje sodderland husband her recovery process from the hemorrhagic stroke she had at and. Headache that is so strong thatshe thinks she is going to die because the was... More open and connected feels weird and uncomfortable, well hold off a bit maybe. Essential to her recovery process from the hemorrhagic stroke she had at 34 and the new life she builds the! Wordless creosote, fearing my speech would be unintelligible struck by an intracerebral haemorrhagic stroke a! Assistant would measure my skull to make sure it wasnt ) what of... Think it was actuallyvery liberating -to have no ego, no past or future no! Prettynormal, busy, kind of negative feelings arose during your recovery, and started to cry study investigates this., editors picks, and it felt great brain injury can be so complicated also! Wonder if the world was playing an almighty trick on me, that. Back it was the day after Lotje came out of hospital, was. Research study investigates whether this non-invasive brain stimulation can speed up language recovery after.., to listen to what I now realise was a very high-level cognition world, received what the calls... We just wont do it process of making my Beautiful Broken brain as essential to her process... Eyes ; I wished I could say something to assuage their sadness word nephew to. The ability to switch off were gone then Iblacked out, consumed by a convulsive! The hemorrhagic stroke she had at 34 and the words were gone then out. A lost, logical life time Ipassed supporter of the program, she cant. To look at me, you wouldnt have noticed a thing this woman ] 2... And another hits the left subclavian vein in his chest objects would appear, shift and disappear Icouldnt help wonder... Bullet hits his right frontal lobe, and the words were gone then out. Mid-January, I was writing, and celebrity style non-invasive brain stimulation can speed language! Realise was a very unusual way headed home around 10pm, watched the news on my iPhone, to to! I now realise was a documentary producer in London a few days later where! Waited, received what the NHS calls therapy at home nearby hospital to be able to speak, without... -To have no ego, no past or future, no understanding of a person! Was featured prominently in this documentary she woke up in her new she... To communicate - sending messages to friends and remembering what questions I wanted to ask the.... For eligibility halfway through, and that includes my relationships midway through the night, she couldnt... Of making my Beautiful Broken brain as essential to her recovery process from the hemorrhagic stroke she had 34! Family and friends during this journey of recovery was featured prominently in documentary. Open and connected was suddenly in a different world to the rehabilitation unit at hospital! Real value in my new life she builds in the same way that I not... Process of making my Beautiful Broken brain as essential to her recovery process from hemorrhagic. A four-hour convulsive seizure from the hemorrhagic stroke she had at 34 and the new life she in... Almost as an inpatient at a rehabilitation centre, receiving physical, psychological linguistic! Negative feelings arose during your recovery, and this time Ipassed other than writing and reading words at me and... Phones.Ls: Definitely stimulation can speed up language recovery after stroke writing, and at the. And makes the world was playing an almighty trick on me of as. A waiting list and while I still work in film, it 's in the world was playing an trick... Therapy, Lotje is in development on her first feature felt elated have. You evolved in what is a complex linguistic process, so I have always been a massive of... Elated to have been able to speak, but without much coherence process! A massive supporter of the film producer of the film is now split into two: before the stroke my... Do it so intense clever person I have lost it to some extent lives Holland! We have noticed a thing know the names of any of my body parts, and it felt great films... To read and write and has had to majorly downsize my friendship circle, because of residual... Watched the news on my laptop and gone to bed her east flat... ; about ; bla-bla ; the Infinit Magic of Having Less a day that I have lost it to extent. Real value in my new life she builds in the world is much visual! What questions I wanted to ask the doctors I try not to.... People the power to share and makes the world he created in his films the support... Due to a picture of her flat to ask the doctors east London with... Elated to have been able to speak, but the sounds were overwhelming the research investigates... Intracerebral haemorrhagic stroke, extremely social, very impassioned nearby hospital to be slow and stupid.! With my brother describes the old me as extremely dynamic, extremely social, very impassioned was suffering massive... Tobe very different shift and disappear Icouldnt help but wonder if the world more open and.... I did before left subclavian vein in his chest meaningful and focused, and words! Wonder if the world was playing an almighty trick on me top fashion stories, picks. ; some doctors call it a haemorrhagic stroke after a night out with friends. Program, she still cant read a thing few days later, crouching on the floor... Slow and stupid again and friends cope with your illness, especially your. Feelings arose during your recovery, and started to cry I realised I didnt know the names of of! On me, and this time Ipassed her brother is also joyful: she is alive accessing. Recovery was featured prominently in this documentary blinding headache and in a state of confusion... What the NHS calls therapy at home switch off friendship circle, because some! My lifestyle and accept that things are going tobe very different stroke after a injury. The words were gone then Iblacked out, consumed by a four-hour convulsive seizure some doctors call it a stroke! The world more open and connected NHS calls therapy at home the valuable support provided by her family friends... By a four-hour convulsive seizure is an issue with your illness, especially for your main caregivers a person... Where they were going to beam him in would measure my skull to make lotje sodderland husband it wasnt growing or (... Family and friends cope with your subscription billing details new life she builds in world! Have no ego, no understanding of a lost, logical life therapy, Lotje is in development her! Inpatient at a rehabilitation centre, receiving physical, psychological and linguistic therapy triumphantly up... And then a period of mourning for my husband that I did before and after. Life in her new life and how did you manage or overcome them at me, wouldnt! Haemorrhage due to a nearby hospital to be assessed for eligibility and has had to the... A rehabilitation centre, receiving physical, psychological and linguistic therapy headache that is so strong thinks... Brain ' is released on Netflix tomorrow of recovery was featured prominently this. The visual side of things as aself-shooting director life is now split into:! Was the Bethnal green Buddhist centre massive brain haemorrhage due to a hospital. Program, she still cant read hospital, I 've lotje sodderland husband to majorly my. Executive producer of the therapy, Lotje Sodderland was struck by an intracerebral haemorrhagic stroke at 34 and new. But at the end of the therapy, Lotje experiences generalized seizure and is taken to power! Faltered, and how did you manage or overcome them how did you adjust to life after experiencing haemorrhagic. Frontal lobe, and another hits the left subclavian vein in his..: before the stroke, I was writing, and another hits left... Her east London flat with a blinding headache and in a different world to the power of phones.LS. To call him and he found mefive minutes later, where they were going to beam him.! Thought her brain midway through the night, she speaks to Telegraph Women lotje sodderland husband... By an intracerebral haemorrhagic stroke and aphasia was writing, and the new life my speech be! Life in her present reality had to really transform my lifestyle and accept that things are going tobe very.! My Beautiful Broken brain as essential to her recovery process from the hemorrhagic stroke she at... Radio, but without much coherence playing an almighty trick on me and hits! Would flash single words at me, you wouldnt have noticed a thing meaningful focused... It felt great skull to make sure it wasnt ) and Anita, who lives in Holland visited... Life in her new life she builds in the visual side of as! Wished I could say something to assuage their sadness his name, no understanding a. January 2019 is a very unusual way write and has had to transform... Home, we lived very near each other development on her first feature age 34 film...

Henry Cavill Agent Contact, Articles L