It is a regular progress or change by plant and animal due to natural or anthropogenic disturbances. Ayade whom he defeated at election, Israel police crack down on legal reform protest, Court dismisses certificate forgery suit against Tinubu, Afroganiks calls for more clinical trials on herbal-based drugs, partners LASUTH, Dissecting Ikpeazus politics, policies and Abia agenda, African Development Bank Group President appoints Senegals former Minister Amadou Hott as Special Envoy for the Alliance for Green Infrastructure in Africa, Land use reform in Nigeria: Removing stifling bottlenecks. Nipa palm (Nypa fruticans) is the major invasive species [12, 13] in the Niger Delta area and has over taken many mangrove forest and coastal areas. Before reclamation the site is cleared, which leads to the destruction of native plant species within the reclaimed area [3]. description of the basic customary land tenure rules in Nigeria. These activities are economically beneficial to farmers, but inimical to the environment. For instance, The United Nations Human Settlements Programme (UN-Habitat), in its article that x-rayed condition of the world cities titled Cities at Risk from Rising Sea Levels categorises Lagos as one of 50 cities most exposed to extreme sea levels. While this is a fairly high percentage, the rural populations have dwindled down in recent years, down from 85% in 1960. A manufacturing company in the production of herbal drugs, Afroganiks, has called for more research on drugs produced from herbs, while noting that, Herbal products most of the time cause kidney problems and organ failure in the body because they are not well dosed.. A study was carried out on impact of land reclamation through sand mining of coastal communities in Ikate and Ilubirin in Lagos, Nigeria. The Missouri Department of Natural Resources is the administrative authority working through the Missouri Mining Commission. The procedure attempts to convert unused land into useable land and contributes to the expansion of the land area, the creation of habitat for [] Apart from the Island areas; other places in the mainland such as Oworonshoki (Third Mainland Bridge axis) and areas of Ikorodu have been undergoing extensive land reclamation for developmental purpose. The major purpose of land reclamation is to restore degraded land, but in the Niger Delta land reclamation is used to acquire land from coastal communities for the purpose of expanding land surface for construction of houses for human habitation. Accumulation of dredged spoil converts the swamp to terrestrial area and also changes the physico-chemistry of the coasts [3]. It is crucial to the environment's welfare both now and in the future. Deposited sand is usually evacuated by trucks to buyers. On its right is the popular Isale Eko, an. For instance, establishment of refinery in a locality leads to the reclamation of more coastal lands to harbor the cluster of people who come to seek for jobs. In a natural seedling recruitment, after a disturbance event the first set of species that settle and colonize an area are the pioneer species. The sand was brought out from the river by suction pressure through long pipes. This occur in small communities around the Niger Delta area that originally had small populations at its founding. An example is Buguma, an island town in the Niger Delta, which formerly had less than 100,000 people, but over the years rose to over 300,000 people. Abuja, a planned city in the centre of the country, has been the official capital of Nigeria since 1991, although some government offices remain in Lagos, the former capital. Land reclamation, also called reclamation is the process of creating new land from ocean or riverbeds. Apart from the risk of flooding that it portends, the activity has greatly aggravated the predicament of many residents in some of the affected areas. mangrove wetlands. Such administrative control of the land by the chief is referred to by Towns and cities along the West African coastline have become prominent as important contributors to national gross domestic products (GDPs). On its right is the. Investigations show that some developers evade the process wantonly, thus, land reclamation is often resulting to flooding, human displacement, building collapse, large displacement of the marine sediments and the development of mud-waves as well as the disruption of the oceans ecosystem. Almost every coastal area in the Niger Delta has had one abandoned project or the other, one of which is sand dump. Landscape reclamation is. Land reclamation has been a common practice to produce valuable land in coastal areas. In the wake of bubonic plaque that was experienced in Lagos in July 1924, the colonial government decided to enact Lagos Town Planning Ordinance in 1928. Changes in land form lead to changes in the biogeography of the area. Land reclamation impact the coastal environment in several ways (Table 1). Port-Harcourt, Warri and Lagos are at the sea level. (A) Graph of species population along sampling points (T1, T2 and T3) indicates a decrease in number of species from point T1 (high nutrient content) to point T3 (low nutrient content); and (B) graph of concentration of physico-chemicals along within sites T1, T2 and T3. We use various techniques to reclaim land and protect shorelines using our state-of-the-art fleet of dredging vessels and specialized equipment. The plants growing on the sand fill area are between 0.5m and 1.0m tall. Rural areas, which consist mostly of low-density grid cells (<300 inhabitants per km 2 ). Moreover, mangroves forests protect coastal communities against storm surges, which have been reported to save lives. Irabor said: Nearly every part of the Netherlands was reclaimed from the sea. In an assessment of over 136 port cities, the UN body ranked the city of Lagos as 38th as regards exposure to flooding. A field observation made indicates that seeds at the end of the sand filled area had better growth than seeds at the mouth of the entrance of the balkanized sand. The process in Figure 7 may be reversible or irreversible and if not reversible can lead to the total loss of the mangrove forest and the coastal community. Hong Kong Chief Executive Carrie Lam is backing a plan to throw $64 billion . When mangroves are removed via landscape reclamation, coastal areas lose the ability to slow down run off, filter pollutants, and retain soil. Landscape reclamation is intended for urban city expansion, road construction, housing project, crude oil exploration and sand mining. Luloff, James By Jamilah Mohd Salim, Maizatul Azwa Radzi, Sheriza M IntechOpen Limited I hope they are being done according to the best practices in order to protect the ecosystem., He concluded by saying that: land reclamation for the purpose of constructing properties in commercial quantities is risky.. This situation thus necessitated the reclamation of coastal areas to create more space for human habitation. Morewood Property after reclamation, now a golf course. Increased turbidity leads to the blockage of light beyond water surface, thus hampering photosynthetic activities below the water surface such as the benthic region. This includes zooplankton, phytoplankton, benthic organisms and fisheries. Land in the Niger Delta area is in large demand because of traditional and cultural beliefs attached to the possession of land [1]. Landscape reclamation is intended for urban city expansion, road construction, housing project, crude oil exploration and sand mining. It cannot, therefore, violate its own laws and standards by doing otherwise.. Manila Bay, the country's center of navigational trade and commerce, is shared by five cities in Metro Manila and four coastal provinces. This is because of land expansion activities such as urban development. It could also lead to fish kills and smothering of aquatic organisms. During clearing heavy machinery fell trees. London, SW7 2QJ, Israeli police clashed Wednesday with protesters rallying against the government's judicial reform programme which critics say threatens democracy, as lawmakers held a preliminary vote on the latest controversial bill. Highly placed individuals prefer constructing their houses along coastal areas. 5. Reclamation is carried out by both government and private developers. Landscape Reclamation - Rising From What's Left, Submitted: June 20th, 2018 Reviewed: October 15th, 2018 Published: January 8th, 2020, Total Chapter Downloads on intechopen.com. Because of the non-use of the palms they had been removed from several locations with the aid of swamp buggies as a means of mitigating their negative environmental effect. The sand filled area became the dumping ground for sand, where trucks evacuated the sand to buyers. The Atlantic City was built by dredging up and filling in 10 kilometers (about 6.2 miles) worth of land. For example, one Francis Ajagun who used to rake in N3,000 daily from fishing said that the reclamation exercise has cut off the main source of daily bread from him, noting that since the activity started, he has not earned a dime; and this makes life very frustrating for him, his wife and three kids. Sites T1, T2 and T3 are the end, middle and mouth of the sand fill area. Anthropogenic activities around the coast is detrimental to its sustainability because of the addition of pollutants and contaminants [5]. These areas are usually port or coastal locations that attract people from other parts of the world. This situation affects the fish survival and population. Historically, reclamation meant irrigation projects that brought wetlands and deserts (considered useless wastelands) into agricultural production. Former mangrove forest that was converted to sand fill in Buguma, Niger Delta, Nigeria. This could lead to the reduction in species composition and diversity of aquatic resources. This method is suitable for granular fill. Ibidun Adelekan, claimed further in its article Vulnerability of Poor Urban Coastal Communities to Flooding in Lagos that the present development of the Lekki Peninsula has been embarked upon with little or no consideration for sea-level rise, arguing that this trend poses serious risks of flooding. Battery Park City is atop sand shipped from Staten Island. In his opinion: When we talk about sand filling and its negative effects, we are talking about the war between ecology and economy, which translates to nature versus man. In the Niger Delta area many people prefer building their houses close to the river because of the serene environment, for example the land and sea breeze that flow into the area. Write CSS OR LESS and hit save. The warm shallow waters of the continental shelves are most biologically productive and support the greatest species diversity. They include: Replacement: instead of going back to the original, which is impossible, it involves taking it to a different direction to create a replacement. However, the Lagos state government has allayed the fear that is being raised in some quarters as regards the massive land reclamation across the state. In 2013, rainfed agriculture accounted for 380,000 sq km in Nigeria, covering over 40 percent of its national territory . Abia (state) Aba Arochukwu Umuahia Adamawa (state) Jimeta Mubi Numan Yola Akwa Ibom (state) Ikot Abasi Ikot Ekpene Oron Uyo Anambra (state) Awka Onitsha Bauchi (state) Azare Bauchi Jamaare Katagum These days, it has transmuted into the Land Use Act (LUA), encapsulated within the Laws of the Federation of Nigeria 2004. Speaking on the Oworonsoki land reclamation exercise, Commissioner for Waterfront Infrastructure Development, Ade Akinsanya said that the project would add immense economic values to the state. A conceptualized reclamation pattern in coastal communities in the Niger Delta, Nigeria. Leakage of diesel oil from heavy duty machines such as bulldozers and trucks also pollutes the soil. Seventy percent of our mangrove forests are gone, endangering this important ecosystem and causing many species to lose their habitats and breeding grounds. 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